MLA Handbook / Edition 8. The Modern Language Association of America. From helping you find your voice to guiding you on the latest MLA and APA. An aid to clinical surgery. [Peter R Scott. MLA (7th ed.) Turabian (6th ed.). Previous edition: An aid to clinical surgery / rev.

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AMA Citation Lifchez SD, Sen SK. Lifchez S.D., Sen S.K. Lifchez, Scott D., and Subhro K. Sen.Chapter 44.

Surgery of the Hand and Wrist. In: Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. Brunicardi F, Andersen D.K., Billiar T.R., Dunn D.L., Hunter J.G., Matthews J.B., Pollock R.E.

Charles Brunicardi, et al.eds. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 9eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010. Accessed January 08, 2018. MLA Citation Lifchez SD, Sen SK. Lifchez S.D., Sen S.K. Lifchez, Scott D., and Subhro K.

Surgery of the Hand and Wrist.' Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 9e Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. Brunicardi F, Andersen D.K., Billiar T.R., Dunn D.L., Hunter J.G., Matthews J.B., Pollock R.E. Charles Brunicardi, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010, http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=352§ionid=40039786.

The highly mobile, functional, and strong hand is a major distinguishing point between human beings and the nonhuman primates. The hand is an essential participant for activities of daily living, vocation, and recreational activities. The hand is even adaptable enough to read for the blind and speak for the mute. The underlying goal of all aspects of hand surgery is to maximize mobility, sensibility, stability, and strength while minimizing pain. These goals are then maximized to the extent possible given the patient’s particular pathology.

The hand is highly mobile in space to allow maximum flexibility in function. As such, a number of directions particular to the hand are necessary to properly describe position, motion, etc.

Palmar (or volar) refers to the anterior surface of the hand in the anatomic position; dorsal refers to the posterior surface in the anatomic position. Learning Ladder 8 9 Years Math. The hand can rotate at the wrist level; rotation to bring the palm down is called pronation, to bring the palm up is called supination. Because the hand can rotate in space, the terms medial and lateral are avoided. Radial and ulnar are used instead as these terms do not vary with respect to the rotational position of the hand.

Abduction and adduction, when used on the hand, refer to movement of the digits away from and toward the middle finger, respectively ().